You traveled extensively throughout India in the 70's, 80's and 90's and have been back within the past few years. How has travel in India changed, in your view, over that time?
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Well, I have seen it changed in many ways very positively. Some of the aspects of traveling in India are still the same but many have changed significantly, for example, air travel has become more affordable. There weren't so many choices in air travel when I was traveling back in '70's and '80's but now there are many airlines competing for business in India. The airlines sector in India is very competitive, which has improved their service. The roads, in many areas, have improved too, which means that the bus travel is not that bad anymore though in some areas it is still bad as those roads are still not that comfortable. There are more air-conditioned coaches in Indian trains. The reservation process for trains has improved too. Earlier, one has to go to the station to get tickets and getting those tickets was not easy. There was no centralized reservation system. Now, with online reservation systems people can make reservations through the internet and they don't even have to be in those cities. Earlier, let's say, if you were going from Bombay to Indore then to buy the ticket you had to go to one of the reservation centers in those cities. Now you can buy it from anywhere.
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You've been in the U.S. for more than a decade. Do you think Americans see Indians and India different today versus in the early 90's?
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I would say that it is kind of a mixed thing. When I first came here, India was a little unknown in many quarters. People knew of it just as a big country in Asia and that was it. They had not formed any opinion about it one way or the other. That thing is not that common any more. More people know about India now. There is a lot of discussion going on about outsourcing to India. Journalists from major US publications are visiting India and writing stories. The US media coverage of India has increased and many more people are aware of India and Indians. They have also formed opinions - some positive and some negative. The negative opinions are because of the discussion that is going on about outsourcing, in which India is seen as getting the work at the expense of American workers. The Indian community is also becoming more visible in the US. Most has a different religion and belief systems than the majority of Americans. They are also quite affluent and have one of the highest household incomes of all ethnic groups in the US. That has made more people aware of Indians and given a positive opinion about them.
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Mood Indico, the magazine you publish, reaches an audience of people from the Indian subcontinent who now live in the U.S., that is to say non-resident Indians (NRI). So how do NRI's affect travel and tourism in India?
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Tourism and Travel industry is one of the industries that is doing very well in India. The surprise is not that it is doing well rather that it was not doing well before. Tourism was much more limited and even Indians do not know a lot about India. I too have not seen many parts of India. There are many beautiful and enchanting places in India that not many people visit. Places like Assam in North East and Andaman & Nicobar Island. Many of these places are quite distant from major cities and are not well known. Even most Indians who came to the U.S. are not very well traveled with in India. Most of them have visited the well-known places like Agra, Jaipur etc., but they have not been to remote places. Many NRIs are now going to such remote places when they visit India. The accommodation and travel has improved so they are able to enjoy their sightseeing. I did not mention earlier that accommodations in India have improved too. There are better hotels and better places to eat. They have made even shorter journeys quite pleasant. The object of Indians visiting India from the US is to go and do more sightseeing in a short period. Normally when Indians go to India they stop midway in Europe either going or coming back and spend some time there. Now, many of them are spending that time in India, which is contributing more to the Indian tourism industry.
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India's Department of Tourism has been promoting Indian tourism via its Incredible India Campaign. What do you think dissuades foreigners from visiting India and how would you advertise India to foreigners to get them to visit?
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Well, the one thing, which dissuades foreigners from visiting India, is lack of knowledge or the false information. Some people might think that travel is always going to be a luxury kind of thing, but that is not always going to happen. Not all scenic places in the world are luxury resorts. If you want to see wonderful places then you may have to go to remote areas. You have to experience some sort of unfamiliar customs, food, people and, may be, some hardships. That is the charm of world travel. Travel in India is both easy and difficult. If you want to go the easy route then you may not be able to see many wonderful historical places. You will miss seeing the richness of India.
As more people are becoming curious about India, they are able to overcome the initial apprehension of traveling to a Third World country and they are able to see a much more realistic India. Many foreigners have formed a perception about India based upon movies like Indiana Jones and media stories of elephants on the streets, which is not true. The prevalent image of India is that of a poor country but that is not the complete picture. The majority of India seems to be advanced, not necessarily very advanced, but it is also not all rural. If people know that, then they will be less apprehensive of going there. Then they will look forward to how they can see the culture, history and people out there. Once you think about that, like all the historical places and the natural beauties and all those things, then the obstacles don't seem that big. So, I believe that if more people know about India then they will be more likely to visit it.
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It's a question of education, I suppose?
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Right. How would one advertise India? You have to present it in a way that Indians see it. You have to talk about natural and historical wonders and not necessarily only the beaten down paths. I have traveled extensively in the Himalayas and the experience of hiking in those mountains is fantastic. There are places where you can see more than seventy snow-topped peaks while trekking alongside mountain rivers. That is something, which many foreigners do not envision when they think of India. Now one way to change that image is to make good documentaries or good travel movies of such places. There are many places that are not covered extensively in the western media but they give a much fuller picture of India. The real travel is how people - locals - see the things out there and that story needs to be told to foreigners going to India. There are many aspects of India that make good stories and movies but they would not necessarily increase tourism. I was watching a documentary about monkeys, I believe, somewhere in Rajasthan. Now that's a good documentary, if somebody wants to follow the monkeys and all those things. But, if the image that was left in the viewers' mind is that monkeys are everywhere in India, then that's a false image. When I go to India, I don't see monkeys everywhere. That movie was made with a particular stereotypical angle. But, if you really want to promote a place, then you have to show it in the way as seen by the majority of people, which will generate the desire in viewers hearts to go visit that place.
Sunil Sharma is the editor of Mood Indico, a publication for open-minded and inquisitive South Asians - people of Indian Subcontinent origin - living in North America who are curious to know more about their environment, culture and heritage